Encoding Unicode - UTF-8 

• Variable number of bytes per character

• Code points U+0000 - U+007F use one byte

• (ASCII is a subset of UTF-8)

• Number of bytes indicated by leading '1' bits in first byte

• Continuation bytes always start with '10'

1 byte character 0xxxxxxx                               7 bit payload
2 byte character 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx                     11 bit payload
3 byte character 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx            16 bit payload
4 byte character 11110xxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx   21 bit payload