Question 1: A Ruby solution 

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

cipher = {'A' => "\x5c",
"B" => "\x5f",
"C" => "\x7c",
"D" => "\x7c",
"E" => "\x5F",
"F" => "\x20",
"G" => "\x7c",
"H" => "\x5c",
"I" => "\x5f",
"J" => "\x2f",
"K" => "\x20",
"L" => "\x2f",
"M" => "\x7c",
"N" => "\x5f",
"O" => "\x20",
"P" => "\x7c",
"Q" => "\x20",
"R" => "\x20",
"S" => "\x5f",
"T" => "\x2f",
"U" => "\x20",
"V" => "V",
"W" => "\x5c",
"X" => "\x20",
"Y" => "\x7c",
"Z" => "\x20", " " => " ", "\n" => "\n"}

text = "QUEENS EUROS NINNIES SNEEZE FOX SISSIES FUROR SNIFF FIX
FLUBBED CUCUMBER RENT SNIP CURRY SINEW WORKOUT LOCKUP Y
MUCK UP COMFY RD YUCKY ROCOCO UP PERK HOW X TOLD CROP M
DODO UM DEDUCE COMFY DUKEDOM RUMORED ROW HOT LUCKY UM D
M MINICISE Q EGG MUD DECOY MINED CENSOR A V LOUD DESCRY
RAISING KOPECK PIP RHINESPENBINGESNEEP ROAST O RABIESTO"

text.split("").each do |c|
  print cipher[c]
end