Understanding UTF-8 

• Unicode ‘code points’
• £ = U+00A3
• € = U+20AC
• Variable byte encoding

1 byte char 0xxxxxxx                     7 bit payload
2 byte char 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx           11 bit payload
3 byte char 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx  16 bit payload

U+0000  - U+007F     1 byte
U+0080  - U+07FF     2 bytes
U+0800  - U+FFFF     3 bytes
U+10000 - U+1FFFFF   4 bytes