Specifying an Encoding in HTML

From CGI

print "Content-type: text/html; charset=utf-8\n";

In the HTML

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
  <title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
...

In the Apache config

AddDefaultCharset utf-8